Upland cotton
Four species of the cotton genus (Gossypium) are primarily used for cotton production. One species, upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), accounts for about 90% of the world's cotton fibre production. This is because the plant is robust, produces high yields, and adapts easily to a wide range of climates. Its fibres are of medium length.
The finest cotton comes from another species, extra-long staple cotton (Gossypium barbadense), which has the finest, longest, and strongest fibres. For this reason, its fibres are used in luxury textiles. Around 5% of the world's cotton production comes from Gossypium barbadense.
The final two species used for cotton production are tree cotton (Gossypium arboreum), which originates from Asia, and Levant cotton (Gossypium herbaceum), which originates from Africa and the Middle East. Tree cotton accounts for less than 2% of production. It has shorter, coarser fibres and is used locally or for coarser yarns. Levant cotton likewise has short fibres of relatively low quality and is grown mainly in arid regions for local use.
Cotton is a very ancient cultivated crop that has been grown for more than 5,000 years. Cotton fibres consist almost entirely of cellulose. They are inexpensive and strong, and many people prefer cotton to synthetic fibres, partly for environmental reasons, but also because the material is comfortable to wear.
Until the Second World War, cotton was grown without the use of synthetic pesticides. Today, large quantities of pesticides are used in cotton cultivation, and a significant share of global pesticide use is associated with cotton production.
Fact box:
- Greenhouse location: The Dessert House
- Danish name: Bomuld
- Latin name: Gossypium hirsutum
- Family: The Mallow family / Malvaceae
- Natural habitat: Central and South America