Needlewood
Needlewood (Schima wallichii) is an evergreen tree in the tea family (Theaceae), the same plant family as the tea plant. The species occurs naturally from the Himalayan region through southern China and across large parts of Southeast Asia.
Needlewood is a large tree that typically grows 10-20 metres tall, although it can reach even greater heights in some areas. Its dense, evergreen crown makes it a prominent feature of Asian mountain forests throughout the year.
In spring and summer, the branches are covered with large white flowers bearing numerous yellow stamens. The flowers resemble those of camellias, which is not surprising since camellias also belong to the tea family.
After flowering, round fruits develop. As they mature, the fruits split open and release winged seeds, which are then dispersed by the wind to new growing sites.
Needlewood is known for its resilience. It tolerates drought, heavy rainfall, and forest fires better than many other tree species. As a result, it is often used in forest restoration projects and to help protect soil from erosion.
The tree’s hard timber is widely used for construction, furniture making, and tools in the regions where it grows naturally.
The scientific name, Schima wallichii, can be translated as “Wallich’s schima.” The species epithet wallichii honours the Danish-born botanist Nathaniel Wallich (1786-1854). Wallich is renowned for his work exploring and documenting the flora of South Asia, and it is remarkable that one of Asia’s most widespread forest trees bears his name.
Facts:
- Greenhouse location: The Mountain Forest House
- Danish name: Wallichs schima
- Latin name: Schima wallichii
- Family: Tea family (Theaceae)
- Natural habitat: Himalayan, Southern China and large parts of Southeast Asia